PH TESTS DISPENSER

PH TESTS DISPENSER

 

 

 

 

DANIEL STIVEN ARBOLEDA GOMEZ

ANDRES FELIPE PELAEZ MARIN

9E

JAIRO MIRANDA – TECHNOLOGY
ALBA INES GIRALDO – INFORMATICA

 

 

 

 

I.E.T.I. SIMONA DUQUE

MARINILLA ANT.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CONTENT

INTRODUCTION
 

AIM
 

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
 

RELATED CONCEPTS
 

INSTRUMENTS
 

CONCLUSION
 

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION
 

 

 

The drug or psychotropic drugs is a scourge that affects the most vulnerable at this time such as young people, power to detect with certainty the time and drug and alcohol abuse in young people and give them appropriate care with an interdisciplinary team, decrease greatly impact this trend has on our society and contribute to a better future for them.
The tests to detect psychoactive substance use is an effective tool, and to have these tests would be a handy resource to help in a relevant way to control them, that is why we build a dispenser and is easy available to teachers, parents, educational institutions and other institutions interested in giving assistance and drug control in young people, is a project that would bring in large part to the solution of this scourge, drug use in schools.







 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

OBJECTIVES

 

 

 

• Recognize basic concepts about the PH
• Know the PH tests that facilitate the detection of drug
• Promote the use of pH testing in the early detection of drug use at the institutional level.
• Implement the use of devices for detecting PH in drug use in educational institutions
• Manage rehabilitation schemes for young people and their families supported by the results obtained with tests of PH







 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

WHAT IS THE PH

  PH is a measure of acidity or basicity of a solution. The pH is the concentration of hydronium ion [H3O] present on certain substances. The acronym stands for "potential hydrogen" (or potentia Hydrogenii pondus Hydrogenii; the Latin pondus, n. = weight; potentia, f. = power; hydrogenium, n. = hydrogen). This term was coined by the Danish chemist Sørensen, who defined it as the negative logarithm base 10 of the hydrogen ion activity. That is:
 
Since then, the term "pH" has been used universally for the practical it is to avoid handling large and complex figures. In dilute solutions, instead of using the hydrogen ion activity, it can be approximated using the molar concentration of hydrogen ion.
For example, a concentration of [H3O] = 1 × 10-7 M (0.0000001) is simply a pH of 7 since pH =-log [10.7] = 7
The pH typically ranges from 0 to 14 in aqueous solution, being acidic solutions with pH less than 7 (the value of the exponent of the concentration is higher, because there are more protons in the solution), basic and those with pH greater than 7 . The pH of 7 indicates neutrality of the solution (where the solvent is water).
It is believed that p is a logarithmic operator on the concentration of a solution: p =-log [...], the pOH is also defined, which measures the concentration of OH-.
Since water is dissociated into a small area in OH-and H3O ions, we have:
Kw = [H3O] • [OH-] = 10-14 in where [H3O] is the hydronium ion concentration, [OH-] the hydroxyl ion, and Kw is a constant known as ionic product of water, which is 10 -14.
Therefore, log log Kw = [H3O] log [OH-] -14 = log [H3O] log [OH-]
14 =-log [H3O] - log [OH-] pH pOH = 14
It can be directly related to the pH with pOH.
In non-aqueous solutions, or outside normal pressure and temperature, a pH of 7 can not be neutral. The pH at which the solution is neutral will be related to the dissociation constant of the solvent in which they work.




 

PH MEASUREMENT

The pH can be measured accurately by a potentiometer, also known as pH meter, an instrument that measures the potential difference between two electrodes: a reference electrode (usually silver / silver chloride) and an electrode glass is sensitive to hydrogen ion.
You can also measure an approximate pH of a solution using indicators, weak acids or bases that have different color depending on pH. Generally used indicator paper, which paper is impregnated with a mixture of indicators. Some organic compounds that change color depending on the degree of acidity of the medium on which they are used as qualitative indicators for determining the pH. The litmus paper or litmus paper is the best known indicator. Other common indicators include phenolphthalein and methyl orange.
• Although many potentiometers have scales with values ranging from 1 to 14, pH values may be less than 1 and greater than 14. For example, the car battery acid has lower pH values near one, while the 1 M sodium hydroxide ranges from 13.5 to 14.
• A pH of 7 is neutral, below 7 is acidic and greater than 7 is basic to 25 º C. At different temperatures, neutral pH value may vary due to the equilibrium constant of water (Kw).
The determination of pH is one of the most important analytical procedures and commonly used in sciences such as chemistry, biochemistry and chemistry of soils. The pH determines many notable features of the structure and activity of biomacromolecules and thus the behavior of cells and organisms.
In 1909, the Danish chemist identified the potential hydrogen Sorensen as the negative logarithm of the molar concentration (more exactly the molar activity) of hydrogen ions. That is:
 
PH TESTS

The pH plays an important role in biochemistry, chemistry and technology as it affects many chemical processes. The result of many methods of analysis is influenced by the pH of the solvent or buffer. The measurement can be performed with a pH meter or rapid tests, such as paper or strips or pH indicator solutions (mixtures of pH indicator). The great advantage of rapid tests is that these methods of identification can be used directly in situ without the need of aid or additional sample preparation. Results are available at the time! The high precision of the results allows you to take the necessary countermeasures, whether it is environmental analysis as if it is in the industrial sector as part of process controls.

Analysis in seconds!
PH indicator papers - the classic solution
The pH indicator papers
supplied in rolls are the most
suitable for long term storage because they are protected from external influences such as humidity, light and acid or alkaline gases.
The pH indicator papers are manufactured by impregnating paper with high quality filter indicator solutions or indicator mixture. Thus, the paper is dry, cut and packaged in sizes that apply.
PH indicator strips - most versatile
The strips contain indicator dyes specific indicators that are covalently linked to cellulose reactive role.
olutions pH indicator - For special applications
When using liquid pH indicators, the test solution should be colorless and clean as far as possible. For the sample itself has a light color can be used test kits that include a sliding comparator to compensate for that color. In many cases, highly turbid or colored solutions can become colorless and clean for the measurement by filtration or treatment with activated charcoal.

One of the challenges we are most concern to parents, teens, educational institutions ... is to reject the drug world. But how do we get to say no to drugs?
Despite anti-drug programs conducted in recent years by the authorities in schools and colleges, and educational programs for parents of teenagers, the rate of consumption of all types of drugs, from Tobacco, marijuana , alochol, pills and cocaine .... among young people continues to increase.
Unlike previous generations, the consumption of most of these drugs existed when those who are now parents of teenagers were younger. But there was a proliferation as widespread as today, and contact with the drug normally older was done when one has a more empowered, easier to reject certain habits and more maturity to understand the damage it can cause consumption drugs. Today, our teens are exposed to these substances in an age where they still feel the pressure to do the same as their peers and at the time when more children tend to reject the advice of adults.




INSTRUMENTS
 

FOR MORE MATERIAL ON OUR PROJECT VISIT:

http://www.futural-62.blogspot.com/

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PH TESTS DISPENSER

PH TESTS DISPENSER

 

 

 

 

DANIEL STIVEN ARBOLEDA GOMEZ

ANDRES FELIPE PELAEZ MARIN

9E

JAIRO MIRANDA – TECHNOLOGY
ALBA INES GIRALDO – INFORMATICA

 

 

 

 

I.E.T.I. SIMONA DUQUE

MARINILLA ANT.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CONTENT

INTRODUCTION
 

AIM
 

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
 

RELATED CONCEPTS
 

INSTRUMENTS
 

CONCLUSION
 

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION
 

 

 

The drug or psychotropic drugs is a scourge that affects the most vulnerable at this time such as young people, power to detect with certainty the time and drug and alcohol abuse in young people and give them appropriate care with an interdisciplinary team, decrease greatly impact this trend has on our society and contribute to a better future for them.
The tests to detect psychoactive substance use is an effective tool, and to have these tests would be a handy resource to help in a relevant way to control them, that is why we build a dispenser and is easy available to teachers, parents, educational institutions and other institutions interested in giving assistance and drug control in young people, is a project that would bring in large part to the solution of this scourge, drug use in schools.







 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

OBJECTIVES

 

 

 

• Recognize basic concepts about the PH
• Know the PH tests that facilitate the detection of drug
• Promote the use of pH testing in the early detection of drug use at the institutional level.
• Implement the use of devices for detecting PH in drug use in educational institutions
• Manage rehabilitation schemes for young people and their families supported by the results obtained with tests of PH







 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

WHAT IS THE PH

  PH is a measure of acidity or basicity of a solution. The pH is the concentration of hydronium ion [H3O] present on certain substances. The acronym stands for "potential hydrogen" (or potentia Hydrogenii pondus Hydrogenii; the Latin pondus, n. = weight; potentia, f. = power; hydrogenium, n. = hydrogen). This term was coined by the Danish chemist Sørensen, who defined it as the negative logarithm base 10 of the hydrogen ion activity. That is:
 
Since then, the term "pH" has been used universally for the practical it is to avoid handling large and complex figures. In dilute solutions, instead of using the hydrogen ion activity, it can be approximated using the molar concentration of hydrogen ion.
For example, a concentration of [H3O] = 1 × 10-7 M (0.0000001) is simply a pH of 7 since pH =-log [10.7] = 7
The pH typically ranges from 0 to 14 in aqueous solution, being acidic solutions with pH less than 7 (the value of the exponent of the concentration is higher, because there are more protons in the solution), basic and those with pH greater than 7 . The pH of 7 indicates neutrality of the solution (where the solvent is water).
It is believed that p is a logarithmic operator on the concentration of a solution: p =-log [...], the pOH is also defined, which measures the concentration of OH-.
Since water is dissociated into a small area in OH-and H3O ions, we have:
Kw = [H3O] • [OH-] = 10-14 in where [H3O] is the hydronium ion concentration, [OH-] the hydroxyl ion, and Kw is a constant known as ionic product of water, which is 10 -14.
Therefore, log log Kw = [H3O] log [OH-] -14 = log [H3O] log [OH-]
14 =-log [H3O] - log [OH-] pH pOH = 14
It can be directly related to the pH with pOH.
In non-aqueous solutions, or outside normal pressure and temperature, a pH of 7 can not be neutral. The pH at which the solution is neutral will be related to the dissociation constant of the solvent in which they work.




 

PH MEASUREMENT

The pH can be measured accurately by a potentiometer, also known as pH meter, an instrument that measures the potential difference between two electrodes: a reference electrode (usually silver / silver chloride) and an electrode glass is sensitive to hydrogen ion.
You can also measure an approximate pH of a solution using indicators, weak acids or bases that have different color depending on pH. Generally used indicator paper, which paper is impregnated with a mixture of indicators. Some organic compounds that change color depending on the degree of acidity of the medium on which they are used as qualitative indicators for determining the pH. The litmus paper or litmus paper is the best known indicator. Other common indicators include phenolphthalein and methyl orange.
• Although many potentiometers have scales with values ranging from 1 to 14, pH values may be less than 1 and greater than 14. For example, the car battery acid has lower pH values near one, while the 1 M sodium hydroxide ranges from 13.5 to 14.
• A pH of 7 is neutral, below 7 is acidic and greater than 7 is basic to 25 º C. At different temperatures, neutral pH value may vary due to the equilibrium constant of water (Kw).
The determination of pH is one of the most important analytical procedures and commonly used in sciences such as chemistry, biochemistry and chemistry of soils. The pH determines many notable features of the structure and activity of biomacromolecules and thus the behavior of cells and organisms.
In 1909, the Danish chemist identified the potential hydrogen Sorensen as the negative logarithm of the molar concentration (more exactly the molar activity) of hydrogen ions. That is:
 
PH TESTS

The pH plays an important role in biochemistry, chemistry and technology as it affects many chemical processes. The result of many methods of analysis is influenced by the pH of the solvent or buffer. The measurement can be performed with a pH meter or rapid tests, such as paper or strips or pH indicator solutions (mixtures of pH indicator). The great advantage of rapid tests is that these methods of identification can be used directly in situ without the need of aid or additional sample preparation. Results are available at the time! The high precision of the results allows you to take the necessary countermeasures, whether it is environmental analysis as if it is in the industrial sector as part of process controls.

Analysis in seconds!
PH indicator papers - the classic solution
The pH indicator papers
supplied in rolls are the most
suitable for long term storage because they are protected from external influences such as humidity, light and acid or alkaline gases.
The pH indicator papers are manufactured by impregnating paper with high quality filter indicator solutions or indicator mixture. Thus, the paper is dry, cut and packaged in sizes that apply.
PH indicator strips - most versatile
The strips contain indicator dyes specific indicators that are covalently linked to cellulose reactive role.
olutions pH indicator - For special applications
When using liquid pH indicators, the test solution should be colorless and clean as far as possible. For the sample itself has a light color can be used test kits that include a sliding comparator to compensate for that color. In many cases, highly turbid or colored solutions can become colorless and clean for the measurement by filtration or treatment with activated charcoal.

One of the challenges we are most concern to parents, teens, educational institutions ... is to reject the drug world. But how do we get to say no to drugs?
Despite anti-drug programs conducted in recent years by the authorities in schools and colleges, and educational programs for parents of teenagers, the rate of consumption of all types of drugs, from Tobacco, marijuana , alochol, pills and cocaine .... among young people continues to increase.
Unlike previous generations, the consumption of most of these drugs existed when those who are now parents of teenagers were younger. But there was a proliferation as widespread as today, and contact with the drug normally older was done when one has a more empowered, easier to reject certain habits and more maturity to understand the damage it can cause consumption drugs. Today, our teens are exposed to these substances in an age where they still feel the pressure to do the same as their peers and at the time when more children tend to reject the advice of adults.




INSTRUMENTS
 

FOR MORE MATERIAL ON OUR PROJECT VISIT:

http://www.futural-62.blogspot.com/

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

DISPENSADOR DE PRUEBAS DE PH

 

 

DISPENSADOR DE PRUEBAS DE PH

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

DANIEL STIVEN ARBOLEDA GOMEZ

ANDRES FELIPE PELAEZ MARIN

9E

JAIRO MIRANDA – TECNOLOGIA

ALBA INES GIRALDO – INFORMATICA

 

 

 

I.E.T.I. SIMONA DUQUE

MARINILLA ANT.

 

 

CONTENIDO

 

Introducción

Objetivo

Marco teórico

Conceptos relacionados

Instrumentos

Conclusión

Bibliografía

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

INTRODUCCION

El consumo de drogas o psicofármacos es un flagelo que afecta a la población más vulnerable en estos momentos como son los jóvenes, el poder detectar a tiempo y con certeza el consumo de estas sustancias en los jóvenes y darles atención apropiada con un equipo interdisciplinario, disminuiría en gran medida el impacto que esta tendencia tiene en nuestra sociedad y contribuiría a mejorar el futuro de los mismos.

Las pruebas que permiten detectar el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas son una herramienta eficaz, y poder tener estas pruebas a la mano seria un recurso que ayudaría de manera pertinente al control de las mismas, es por esto que construir un dispensador de fácil manejo y que esté al alcance de los docentes, padres de familias, entidades educadoras y otras instituciones interesadas en dar ayuda y controlar el consumo de drogas en los jóvenes, es un proyecto que aportaría en gran parte a la solución de este flagelo; el consumo de drogas en los centros educativos.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

OBJETIVOS

 

·    Reconocer conceptos básicos sobre el PH

·    Conocer  las pruebas de PH que facilitan la detección del consumo de drogas

·    Promover la utilización de las pruebas de PH en la detección temprana del consumo de drogas a nivel institucional.

·    Implementar el uso de los dispositivos de PH en la detección del consumo de drogas en las instituciones educativas

·    Manejar planes de rehabilitación a los jóvenes y sus familias apoyados en los resultados obtenidos con las pruebas de PH

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

QUE ES EL PH

 

 El pH es una medida de la acidez o basicidad de una solución. El pH es la concentración de iones hidronio [H₃O⁺] presentes en determinadas sustancias. La sigla significa "potencial de hidrógeno" (pondus Hydrogenii o potentia Hydrogenii; del latín pondus, n. = peso; potentia, f. = potencia; hydrogenium, n. = hidrógeno). Este término fue acuñado por el químico danés Sørensen, quien lo definió como el logaritmo negativo de base 10 de la actividad de los iones hidrógeno. Esto es:

Desde entonces, el término "pH" se ha utilizado universalmente por lo práctico que resulta para evitar el manejo de cifras largas y complejas. En disoluciones diluidas, en lugar de utilizar la actividad del ion hidrógeno, se le puede aproximar empleando la concentración molar del ion hidrógeno.

Por ejemplo, una concentración de [H₃O⁺] = 1 × 10^–7 M (0,0000001) es simplemente un pH de 7 ya que: pH = –log [10^–7] = 7

El pH típicamente va de 0 a 14 en disolución acuosa, siendo ácidas las disoluciones con pH menores a 7 (el valor del exponente de la concentración es mayor, porque hay más protones en la disolución), y básicas las que tienen pH mayores a 7. El pH = 7 indica la neutralidad de la disolución (donde el disolvente es agua).

Se considera que p es un operador logarítmico sobre la concentración de una solución: p = –log [...], también se define el pOH, que mide la concentración de iones OH⁻.

Puesto que el agua está disociada en una pequeña extensión en iones OH^– y H₃O⁺, tenemos que:

K_w = [H₃O⁺]·[OH^–]=10^–14 en donde [H₃O⁺] es la concentración de iones hidronio, [OH⁻] la de iones hidroxilo, y K_w es una constante conocida como producto iónico del agua, que vale 10⁻¹⁴.

Por lo tanto,  log K_w = log [H₃O⁺] + log [OH^–] –14 = log [H₃O⁺] + log [OH^–]

14 = –log [H₃O⁺] – log [OH^–] pH + pOH = 14

Por lo que se puede relacionar directamente el valor del pH con el del pOH.

En disoluciones no acuosas, o fuera de condiciones normales de presión y temperatura, un pH de 7 puede no ser el neutro. El pH al cual la disolución es neutra estará relacionado con la constante de disociación del disolvente en el que se trabaje.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MEDIDA DEL PH

 

El valor del pH se puede medir de forma precisa mediante un potenciómetro, también conocido como pH-metro, un instrumento que mide la diferencia de potencial entre dos electrodos: un electrodo de referencia (generalmente de plata/cloruro de plata) y un electrodo de vidrio que es sensible al ión hidrógeno.

También se puede medir de forma aproximada el pH de una disolución empleando indicadores, ácidos o bases débiles que presentan diferente color según el pH. Generalmente se emplea papel indicador, que se trata de papel impregnado de una mezcla de indicadores. Algunos compuestos orgánicos que cambian de color en función del grado de acidez del medio en que se encuentren se utilizan como indicadores cualitativos para la determinación del pH. El papel de litmus o papel tornasol es el indicador mejor conocido. Otros indicadores usuales son la fenolftaleína y el naranja de metilo.

·        A pesar de que muchos potenciómetros tienen escalas con valores que van desde 1 hasta 14, los valores de pH pueden ser menores que 1 y mayores que 14. Por ejemplo el ácido de batería de automóviles tiene valores cercanos de pH menores que uno, mientras que el hidróxido de sodio 1 M varía de 13,5 a 14.

·        Un pH igual a 7 es neutro, menor que 7 es ácido y mayor que 7 es básico a 25 ºC. A distintas temperaturas, el valor de pH neutro puede variar debido a la constante de equilibrio del agua (Kw).

La determinación del pH es uno de los procedimientos analíticos más importantes y más usados en ciencias tales como química, bioquímica y la química de suelos. El pH determina muchas características notables de la estructura y actividad de las biomacromoléculas y, por tanto, del comportamiento de células y organismos.

En 1909, el químico danés Sorensen definió el potencial hidrógeno como el logaritmo negativo de la concentración molar (más exactamente de la actividad molar) de los iones hidrógeno. Esto es:

 

PRUEBAS DE PH

 

El pH juega un papel muy importante en bioquímica, química y tecnología dado que afecta a numerosos procesos químicos. El resultado de muchos métodos de análisis está influido por el PH del disolvente o tampón. La medición puede realizarse con un pH metro o con ensayos rápidos, tales como papel o tiras o soluciones indicadoras del pH (mezclas indicadoras del pH). La gran ventaja de los ensayos rápidos está en que estos métodos de determinación pueden usarse directamente in situ sin necesidad de ayudas ni preparación de las muestras adicionales. ¡Los resultados están disponibles al momento! La gran precisión de los resultados le permite tomar las contramedidas necesarias, tanto si se trata de análisis ambiental como si es en el sector industrial como parte de controles de procesos.

¡Análisis en segundos!

Papeles indicadores del pH – la solución clásica

Los papeles indicadores del pH suministrados en rollos son los más apropiados para el almacenamiento a largo plazo, pues están protegidos de influencias externas como la humedad, la luz y los gases ácidos o alcalinos.

Los papeles indicadores del pH se fabrican impregnando papel filtrante de alta calidad con soluciones indicadoras o de mezcla indicadora. De esta forma, el papel se seca, corta y envasa en los tamaños que correspondan.

Tiras indicadoras del pH - la mayor versatilidad

Las tiras indicadoras contienen tintes indicadores especiales que están unidos de forma covalente a la celulosa del papel reactivo.

 oluciones indicadoras del pH – Para aplicaciones especiales

Cuando se emplean indicadores líquidos del pH, la solución de prueba debe ser incolora y limpia en la medida de lo posible. En el caso de que la muestra tenga algún ligero color propio, pueden utilizarse kits de ensayo que incluyen un comparador corredizo para compensar dicha coloración. En muchos casos, las soluciones fuertemente turbias o coloreadas pueden volverse incoloras y limpias para la medición mediante filtración o tratamiento con carbón activado.
 

 

Uno de los retos que más nos inquietan a los padres, adolescentes, instituciones educativas… es rechazar el mundo de las drogas. Pero ¿cómo podemos lograr decirle no a la droga?

A pesar de los programas anti-droga llevados a cabo durante los últimos años por las autoridades en las escuelas y los institutos, y los programas educativos dirigidos a los padres de adolescentes, el índice de consumo de todo tipo de droga, desde tobaco, marihuana, alochol, pastillas y cocaína.... entre los jóvenes sigue en aumento.

A diferencia de generaciones anteriores, el consumo de la mayoría de estas drogas ya existían cuando los que son ahora padres de adolescentes eran más jóvenes. Pero no había una proliferación tan extendida como la de hoy, y el contacto con la droga normalmente se realizaba más mayores cuando uno tiene más capacidad de decisión, más facilidad para rechazar ciertos hábitos y más madurez para comprender el daño que puede ocasionar el consumo de drogas. Hoy en día nuestros hijos adolescentes están expuestos a estas sustancias en una edad en la que sienten todavía la presión de hacer lo mismo que sus compañeros y en la época de la infancia cuando más tienden a rechazar los consejos de personas adultas.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

INSTRUMENTOS

PARA MÁS MATERIAL SOBRE NUESTRO PROYECTO VISITE:

http://www.futural-62.blogspot.com/