PH TESTS DISPENSER
DANIEL STIVEN ARBOLEDA GOMEZ
ANDRES FELIPE PELAEZ MARIN
9E
JAIRO MIRANDA – TECHNOLOGY
ALBA INES GIRALDO – INFORMATICA
I.E.T.I. SIMONA DUQUE
MARINILLA ANT.
CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
AIM
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
RELATED CONCEPTS
INSTRUMENTS
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
The drug or psychotropic drugs is a scourge that affects the most vulnerable at this time such as young people, power to detect with certainty the time and drug and alcohol abuse in young people and give them appropriate care with an interdisciplinary team, decrease greatly impact this trend has on our society and contribute to a better future for them.
The tests to detect psychoactive substance use is an effective tool, and to have these tests would be a handy resource to help in a relevant way to control them, that is why we build a dispenser and is easy available to teachers, parents, educational institutions and other institutions interested in giving assistance and drug control in young people, is a project that would bring in large part to the solution of this scourge, drug use in schools.
OBJECTIVES
• Recognize basic concepts about the PH
• Know the PH tests that facilitate the detection of drug
• Promote the use of pH testing in the early detection of drug use at the institutional level.
• Implement the use of devices for detecting PH in drug use in educational institutions
• Manage rehabilitation schemes for young people and their families supported by the results obtained with tests of PH
WHAT IS THE PH
PH is a measure of acidity or basicity of a solution. The pH is the concentration of hydronium ion [H3O] present on certain substances. The acronym stands for "potential hydrogen" (or potentia Hydrogenii pondus Hydrogenii; the Latin pondus, n. = weight; potentia, f. = power; hydrogenium, n. = hydrogen). This term was coined by the Danish chemist Sørensen, who defined it as the negative logarithm base 10 of the hydrogen ion activity. That is:
Since then, the term "pH" has been used universally for the practical it is to avoid handling large and complex figures. In dilute solutions, instead of using the hydrogen ion activity, it can be approximated using the molar concentration of hydrogen ion.
For example, a concentration of [H3O] = 1 × 10-7 M (0.0000001) is simply a pH of 7 since pH =-log [10.7] = 7
The pH typically ranges from 0 to 14 in aqueous solution, being acidic solutions with pH less than 7 (the value of the exponent of the concentration is higher, because there are more protons in the solution), basic and those with pH greater than 7 . The pH of 7 indicates neutrality of the solution (where the solvent is water).
It is believed that p is a logarithmic operator on the concentration of a solution: p =-log [...], the pOH is also defined, which measures the concentration of OH-.
Since water is dissociated into a small area in OH-and H3O ions, we have:
Kw = [H3O] • [OH-] = 10-14 in where [H3O] is the hydronium ion concentration, [OH-] the hydroxyl ion, and Kw is a constant known as ionic product of water, which is 10 -14.
Therefore, log log Kw = [H3O] log [OH-] -14 = log [H3O] log [OH-]
14 =-log [H3O] - log [OH-] pH pOH = 14
It can be directly related to the pH with pOH.
In non-aqueous solutions, or outside normal pressure and temperature, a pH of 7 can not be neutral. The pH at which the solution is neutral will be related to the dissociation constant of the solvent in which they work.
PH MEASUREMENT
The pH can be measured accurately by a potentiometer, also known as pH meter, an instrument that measures the potential difference between two electrodes: a reference electrode (usually silver / silver chloride) and an electrode glass is sensitive to hydrogen ion.
You can also measure an approximate pH of a solution using indicators, weak acids or bases that have different color depending on pH. Generally used indicator paper, which paper is impregnated with a mixture of indicators. Some organic compounds that change color depending on the degree of acidity of the medium on which they are used as qualitative indicators for determining the pH. The litmus paper or litmus paper is the best known indicator. Other common indicators include phenolphthalein and methyl orange.
• Although many potentiometers have scales with values ranging from 1 to 14, pH values may be less than 1 and greater than 14. For example, the car battery acid has lower pH values near one, while the 1 M sodium hydroxide ranges from 13.5 to 14.
• A pH of 7 is neutral, below 7 is acidic and greater than 7 is basic to 25 º C. At different temperatures, neutral pH value may vary due to the equilibrium constant of water (Kw).
The determination of pH is one of the most important analytical procedures and commonly used in sciences such as chemistry, biochemistry and chemistry of soils. The pH determines many notable features of the structure and activity of biomacromolecules and thus the behavior of cells and organisms.
In 1909, the Danish chemist identified the potential hydrogen Sorensen as the negative logarithm of the molar concentration (more exactly the molar activity) of hydrogen ions. That is:
PH TESTS
The pH plays an important role in biochemistry, chemistry and technology as it affects many chemical processes. The result of many methods of analysis is influenced by the pH of the solvent or buffer. The measurement can be performed with a pH meter or rapid tests, such as paper or strips or pH indicator solutions (mixtures of pH indicator). The great advantage of rapid tests is that these methods of identification can be used directly in situ without the need of aid or additional sample preparation. Results are available at the time! The high precision of the results allows you to take the necessary countermeasures, whether it is environmental analysis as if it is in the industrial sector as part of process controls.
Analysis in seconds!
PH indicator papers - the classic solution
The pH indicator papers
supplied in rolls are the most
suitable for long term storage because they are protected from external influences such as humidity, light and acid or alkaline gases.
The pH indicator papers are manufactured by impregnating paper with high quality filter indicator solutions or indicator mixture. Thus, the paper is dry, cut and packaged in sizes that apply.
PH indicator strips - most versatile
The strips contain indicator dyes specific indicators that are covalently linked to cellulose reactive role.
olutions pH indicator - For special applications
When using liquid pH indicators, the test solution should be colorless and clean as far as possible. For the sample itself has a light color can be used test kits that include a sliding comparator to compensate for that color. In many cases, highly turbid or colored solutions can become colorless and clean for the measurement by filtration or treatment with activated charcoal.
One of the challenges we are most concern to parents, teens, educational institutions ... is to reject the drug world. But how do we get to say no to drugs?
Despite anti-drug programs conducted in recent years by the authorities in schools and colleges, and educational programs for parents of teenagers, the rate of consumption of all types of drugs, from Tobacco, marijuana , alochol, pills and cocaine .... among young people continues to increase.
Unlike previous generations, the consumption of most of these drugs existed when those who are now parents of teenagers were younger. But there was a proliferation as widespread as today, and contact with the drug normally older was done when one has a more empowered, easier to reject certain habits and more maturity to understand the damage it can cause consumption drugs. Today, our teens are exposed to these substances in an age where they still feel the pressure to do the same as their peers and at the time when more children tend to reject the advice of adults.
INSTRUMENTS
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